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ABSTRACT Introduction: Heart rate and blood pressure are important physiological indicators that reflect cardiovascular function, and they are widely used because they are convenient and practical to measure. Objective: To study the characteristics of cardiovascular changes in athletes under different training conditions. Methods: Thirty-four male students majoring in physical education in universities (group A) and 22 male non-sports majors (group B) with no formal training history were randomly selected. Heart rate before and after exercise and heart rate recovery rate at different stages of the recovery period were compared. Results: As regards heart rate changes in the recovery phase after loading, both groups showed a continuous decline, although the drop in heart rate of group A was slightly lower than that of group B (153.03± 15.88 beats/min, dropped to 110.69± 15.78 beats/minute, 171.00± 14.67 beats/minute dropped to 122. 82± 13.77 beats/min, respectively). However, the heart rate recovery rate of group A (59.40%) was significantly higher than that of group B (49.42%) (P<0.05). Conclusions: Physical exercise plays a significant role in promoting physical fitness and its effect on improving cardiovascular function is especially evident. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.
RESUMO Introdução: A frequência cardíaca e a pressão arterial são indicadores fisiológicos importantes que refletem a função cardiovascular e são amplamente usados porque são convenientes e práticos de medir. Objetivo: Estudar as características das alterações cardiovasculares em atletas em diferentes condições de treinamento. Métodos: Trinta e quatro estudantes do sexo masculino com especialização universitária em educação física (grupo A) e 22 estudantes do sexo masculino não esportistas (grupo B) sem histórico de treinamento formal foram randomicamente selecionados. A frequência cardíaca antes e depois do exercício e a taxa de recuperação da FC em diferentes estágios do período de recuperação foram comparadas. Resultados: Com relação às mudanças da frequência cardíaca na fase de recuperação após carga, ambos os grupos mostraram declínio contínuo, embora a queda da frequência cardíaca do grupo A tenha sido ligeiramente menor do que a do grupo B (153,03±15,88 bpm, caiu para 110,69±15,78 bpm, 171,00±14,67 bpm caiu para 122,82±13,77 bpm, respectivamente). Contudo, a taxa de recuperação da frequência cardíaca do grupo A (59,40%) foi significativamente maior do que a do grupo B (49,42%) (P < 0,05). Conclusões: O exercício físico tem um papel significativo na promoção da aptidão física e seu efeito na melhora da função cardiovascular é especialmente evidente. Nível de Evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - Investigação dos resultados do tratamento.
RESUMEN Introducción: La frecuencia cardíaca y la presión arterial son importantes indicadores fisiológicos que reflejan la función cardiovascular y se utilizan ampliamente porque son convenientes y prácticos de medir. Objetivo: Estudiar las características de los cambios cardiovasculares en atletas bajo diferentes condiciones de entrenamiento. Métodos: Se seleccionaron aleatoriamente 34 estudiantes del sexo masculino con una especialización universitaria en educación física (grupo A) y 22 estudiantes del sexo masculino no deportistas (grupo B) sin antecedentes de entrenamiento formal. Se comparó la frecuencia cardíaca antes y después del ejercicio y la tasa de recuperación de la FC en diferentes etapas del período de recuperación. Resultados: En cuanto a los cambios en la frecuencia cardíaca en la fase de recuperación tras la carga, ambos grupos presentaron un descenso continuo, aunque la caída de la frecuencia cardíaca del grupo A fue ligeramente menor que la del grupo B (153,03± 15,88 lpm, cayó a 110,69± 15,78 lpm, 171,00± 14,67 lpm cayó a 122,82± 13,77 lpm, respectivamente). Sin embargo, la tasa de recuperación de la frecuencia cardíaca del grupo A (59,40%) fue significativamente mayor que la del grupo B (49,42%) (P < 0,05). Conclusiones: El ejercicio físico tiene un papel importante en la promoción de la aptitud física y su efecto en la mejora de la función cardiovascular es especialmente evidente. Nivel de Evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - Investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.
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BACKGROUND: Organoid models can partially restore the tissue and molecular characteristics of cells in the body, which is a preclinical model with good potential. Compared with precise and regenerative medicine methods, organoids with tissue organ functions can simulate body organs to the greatest extent. Moreover, organoid drug sensitivity data is more accurate than whole-genome sequencing. The technology for organoids can be combined with in vitro gene editing technology to achieve a genetic modification at organ level. OBJECTIVE: To summarize and analyze the research hotpots of organoid models in domestic and foreign databases in the past 10 years. METHODS: A computer search of WanFang, Web of Science, Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ClinicalTrials.org and SooPAT was performed for articles regarding organoids in the past 10 years, and the research hotspots of organoid models were analyzed and concluded. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Retrieval results of WanFang database: A total of 187 articles were included. In 2019, Chinese research on organoids showed an explosive growth. Among them, there were more studies on intestinal organoid models. The main application areas included precision medicine, tumor research and personalized medicine. (2) Retrieval results of the Web of Science Core Collection: A total of 2 450 articles were included. Twenty highly cited articles were analyzed using Histcite software. Among them, five classic original articles of organoids were screened out, and introduced intestinal organoids, pluripotent stem cell-derived three-dimensional brain organoids, prostate cancer organoids cultured from biopsy specimens and circulating tumor cells for a long time, kidney organoids containing nephrons, and three-dimensional organoid models of human stomach tissue, which are the pioneers in various fields and lay the foundation for future research on organoids. (3) Retrieval results of Chinese Clinical Trial Registry and ClinicalTrials.org: There were 13 study protocols related to organoid research in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry and 23 in the ClinicalTrials.org. Research on clinical application of organoids in the United States is more extensive and develops earlier, but there are mostly cohort studies and single-arm trials. In recent years, China has achieved some results in the field of clinical organoid research, and two high-profile randomized controlled trials are underway. (4) Retrieval results of SooPAT Chinese patent database: There were 55 authorized patents, mainly involving the new culture method of 3D brain organoids, the research and development of high-throughput 3D cell, tissue-like and organoid dynamic culture systems. At present, researchers have successfully constructed a variety of organoid models, such as intestine, brain, kidney and various cancer tissues. However, due to insufficient evidence of clinical randomized controlled trials, the clinical applicability remains to be explored. Tumor organoids that are directly generated by tumor tissues of cancer patients in vitro can be used to analyze potential drug targets, screen anti-cancer drugs and develop new anti-tumor drugs, which will be the main research directions in the field of organoids in the future.
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Abstract Heparanase activity is involved in cancer growth and development in humans and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the heparanase gene (HPSE) have been shown to be associated with tumors. In this study, we investigated whether SNPs in HPSE were a risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by undertaking a comprehensive haplotype-tagging, case-control study. For this, six haplotype-tagging SNPs (htSNPs) in HPSE were genotyped in 400 HCC patients and 480 controls by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis. A log-additive model revealed significant correlations between the HPSE polymorphisms rs12331678 and rs12503843 and the risk of HCC in the overall samples (p = 0.0046 and p = 0.0055). When the analysis was stratified based on hepatitis B virus (HBV) carrier status, significant interactions between rs12331678 and rs12503843 and HBV were observed. Conditional logistic regression analysis for the independent effect of one significant SNP suggested that rs12331678 or rs12503843 contributed an independent effect to the significant association with the risk of HCC, respectively. Our findings suggest that the SNPs rs12331678 and rs12503843 are HCC risk factors, although the potential functional roles of these two SNPs remain to be fully elucidated.